Best Colon Cancer Treatment Options in India

Colon connecting as large intestine is the last & longest part of digestive system. The main function of Colon is to remove the water and other key nutrients from waste material and recycle it back into the body. Colon Cancer also contributing to the cancer of Large Intestine, is the abnormal uncontrolled growth of cells that have the ability to spread to the other parts of body. Colo-rectal Cancer is the progression of cancerous cells in colon or rectum or both. If left untreated, these Cancerous cells spread very rapidly to the nearby tissues and other parts of the body. The two most common sites of recurrence of Colorectal Cancer are Liver and Lungs.

• The symptoms of colon cancer are given below.
• 
  
• 1. Bowel Obstruction & Abdominal distension
• 2. Blood in Stool
• 3. Change in character & frequency of stool
• 4. Constipation
• 5. Loss of appetite & weight loss
• 6. Nausea or vomiting and Rectal bleeding or Anemia

• Causes of colon cancer are given below.
• 
  
• 1. Genetic & Hereditary Factors – Familial Adenomatous Polyposis, Gardner Syndrome, Lynch Syndrome.
• 2. Inflammation in bowel – Ulcerative Colitis, Crohn’s disease.
• 3. Obesity, High intake of fat or red meat.
• 4. Smoking and Alcohol consumption.
• 5. Lack of physical exercise.

Colon Cancer, Colorectal Cancer, Rectal Cancer Treatment in India

Surgery

Surgery is the mainstay of treatment and involves in block removal of diseased segment with adequate margins, surrounding tissue and lymph nodes. The names given to such resections are right hemicolectomy, transverse colectomy, left hemicolectomy, sigmoid colectomy, and subtotal colectomy.

• Polypectomy: If the cancer is found in a polyp (a small piece of bulging tissue), the polyp is often removed during a colonoscopy.
• Local excision: If the cancer is found on the inside surface of the rectum and has not spread into the wall of the rectum, the cancer and a small amount of surrounding healthy tissue is removed.
• Resection: If the cancer has spread into the wall of the rectum, the section of the rectum with cancer and nearby healthy tissue is removed. Sometimes the tissue between the rectum and the abdominal wall is also removed. The lymph nodes near the rectum are removed and checked under a microscope for signs of cancer.
• Pelvic exenteration: If the cancer has spread to other organs near the rectum, the lower colon, rectum, and bladder are removed. In women, the cervix, vagina, ovaries, and nearby lymph nodes may be removed. In men, the prostate may be removed. Artificial openings (stoma) are made for urine and stool to flow from the body to a collection bag.

Radiation therapy

Radiation therapy is a cancer treatment that uses high-energy beams or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells. There are two types of radiation therapy. External radiation therapy uses linear accelerators outside the body to send radiation toward the cancer. Internal radiation therapy (Brachytherapy) uses a radioactive substance sealed in needles, seeds, wires, or catheters that are placed directly into or near the cancer. The way the radiation therapy is given depends on the type and stage of the cancer being treated.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping the cells from dividing. When chemotherapy is taken by mouth or injected into a vein or muscle, the drugs enter the bloodstream and can reach cancer cells throughout the body (systemic chemotherapy). When chemotherapy is placed directly in the cerebrospinal fluid, an organ, or a body cavity such as the abdomen, the drugs mainly affect cancer cells in those areas (regional chemotherapy). The way the chemotherapy is given depends on the type and stage of the cancer being treated.

Other Types of Treatment

Targeted therapy

Targeted therapy is a type of treatment that uses drugs or other substances to identify and attack specific cancer cells without harming normal cells. Monoclonal antibody therapy is a type of targeted therapy being studied in the treatment of rectal cancer.

Monoclonal antibody therapy uses antibodies made in the laboratory from a single type of immune system cell. These antibodies can identify substances on cancer cells or normal substances that may help cancer cells grow. The antibodies attach to the substances and kill the cancer cells, block their growth, or keep them from spreading. Monoclonal antibodies are given by infusion. They may be used alone or to carry drugs, toxins, or radioactive material directly to cancer cells.

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